the application of pathogen-specific SIgAs at the mucosae, can be an effective alternative to achieve mucosal protection.
the application of pathogen-specific SIgAs at the mucosae, can be an effective alternative to achieve mucosal protection. However, this approach is not straightforward, mainly because SIgAs are difficult to obtain from convalescent sources, while recombinant SIgA production is challenging due to its complex structure. This review provides an overview of manufacturing difficulties presented by the unique structural diversity of SIgAs, and the innovative solutions being explored for SIgA production in mammalian and vector-borne viral pathogens of humans and the etiological agents of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic syndrome. A live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV) developed by Takeda Vaccines has recently progressed to phase 3 safety and efficacy evaluation. METHODS: We analyzed the qualitative features of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response induced in naive and DENV-immune individuals after TDV administration. Using DENV-specific human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and recombinant DENV displaying different serotype-specific Ab epitopes, we mapped the specificity of TDV-induced nAbs against DENV-1-3.
RESULTS: Nearly all subjects had high levels of DENV-2-specific nAbs directed to epitopes centered on domain III of the envelope protein. In some individuals, the vaccine induced nAbs that tracked with a DENV-1-specific neutralizing epitope centered on domain I of the envelope protein. The vaccine induced binding Abs directed to a DENV-3 type-specific neutralizing epitope, but findings of mapping of DENV-3 type-specific nAbs were inconclusive. CONCLUSION: Here we provide qualitative measures of the magnitude and epitope specificity of the nAb responses to TDV. This information will be useful for understanding the performance of TDV in clinical trials and for identifying correlates of protective immunity.assessed by response to immunization and comparison with other tests.Dunning, Baltimore, Md) performed on undiluted serum may be more sensitive than is the standard hemagglutination-inhibition assay for the detection of rubella antibody.
To investigate whether a positive result of an LA test on undiluted serum was correlated with rubella immunity, we identified 29 persons whose sera produced negative results when initially tested by LA at a 1:10 dilution; 15 of these sera produced positive results and 14 produced negative results when retested undiluted. The immune status of each person for rubella was determined with a test for IgM rubella antibody on serum samples obtained three to five weeks after rubella immunization. None of the 15 persons whose preimmunization sera produced positive results by LA when tested undiluted developed IgM rubella antibody, as compared with 10 of the 14 persons whose preimmunization sera produced negative results (P less than 0.001). Order now from this study support the specificity of a positive result of an LA test performed on undiluted serum, but a 1:5 dilution may be optimal for determination of rubella immune status.healthy adults aged 60 years and older.needed for older adults because of the increased morbidity and mortality rates.
METHODOLOGY: In this prospective study, we analysed the titre magnitude of the IgG antibodies directed against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 (S1-RBD) antigen in both CoronaVac and Pfizer-BioNTech groups. The samples were tested to detect antibodies that bind to the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique with SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant. The cut-off value was > 50 AU/mL. GraphPad Prism software was used. Statistical significance was defined at p < 0.05. RESULTS: chitosan uses (12 females, 13 males) had a mean age of 69.
64 ± 1.38 years. The Pfizer-BioNTech group (13 males, 12 females) had a mean age of 72.36 ± 1.44 years. The anti- S1-RBD titre decrease rate from the 1st to the 3rd month for CoronaVac and Pfizer-BioNTech groups was 74.31% and 86.
48%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the antibody titre between the 1st month and 3rd month for the CoronaVac group. However, there was a significant difference between the 1st and 3rd month in the Pfizer-BioNTech group. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the genders between the 1st and 3rd month of the antibody titres for both the CoronaVac Pfizer-BioNTech group.